One of the dramatic and deeply spiritual art forms from Kerala is Padayani, also known as Padeni, a folk art primarily performed during temple festivals in central Kerala, specifically in the Pathanamthitta and Kottayam districts. Padayani is the symbol of the raw folk culture of Kerala.
Tradition
Padayani is performed to honor the Hindu goddess Bhadrakaali, and its history dates back to 1024 CE. According to the inscription, this was during the era of the Chola king Rajendra Chola. According to another legend, it also originated as part of the martial art Kalaripayattu. Padayani is also believed to be a gratitude to Bhadrakaali for a good harvest.
Performance
The most important feature of Padayani is the kolam, which are huge masks painted using areca palm sheaths, rice paste, and natural dyes. There are different types of kolam, and each of them represents various characters, some of which are Yakshi, Kaalan, Pakshi, Kuthira, Maadan, Marutha, Ganapathi, Pisach, Bhairavi, and Kaanjiramaala.
Rituals
The ritual starts with Choottuvaipu, meaning the lighting of fire, and is then followed by a dance in the temple precincts. Kolamezhuthu, Kolamthullal, Kolappattu, Thappu Melam, and Vinodam are different parts of the performance.
Songs and Instruments
The song that plays along is called Kolappattu, and it includes prayers, praises, and requests to the gods and goddesses.
Chenda, Thappu, Kombu, and Elathalam are the instruments used, of which Thappu is the important. During Padayani performances, most dancers enter a trance-like state.
Relevance
Some of the popular Padayani supporters are poet Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan and Prof. Kadammanitta Vasudevan Pillai; together, they have made contributions to the art form by establishing a Padayani Village and creating literary works. The Padayani Village was established in 2010 and is the centre of performances with museums and tourist facilities.
Conclusion
What sets Padayani apart from other major art forms is that it is not just performed by professionals but by the local community as well. Everyone takes part in building kolams, costumes, and learning songs, which in turn strengthen the community bonds and connect people. It is also a symbol of resistance where the folk culture still stays strong, which was once sidelined by the elite art forms.
FAQs
Q. Where can I watch Padayani?
A:
- Elanthoor Bhagavathikunnu Devi Temple
- Kottangal Devi Temple
- Kadammanitta Devi Temple
- Kallooppara Devi Temple
- Puthukulanngara Devi Temple, Othera
Q. When can I watch Padayani?
A: Every year, between January – April, depending on the temple and its festival. You should consult with your trip organizer for more accurate dates.
Q. Which parts of Kerala are famous for Padayani?
A: Padayani is popular in Central Kerala, comprising the districts of Pathanamthitta and Kottayam. Nearby districts of Kollam and Alappuzha also have several performances.
